What is the purpose of an ILS at an airport?

The purpose of an Instrument Landing System (ILS) at an airport is to provide precise lateral and vertical guidance during the approach phase of a flight. The ILS is a highly accurate approach system that allows pilots to align the aircraft with the runway centerline and descend along a specific glide slope. This precision is critical, especially in low visibility conditions, as it significantly enhances the safety of landing operations.

The ILS operates through ground-based radio equipment, and it comprises two main components: the localizer, which provides lateral guidance to the runway centerline, and the glideslope, which gives vertical guidance to ensure the aircraft follows the correct descent path. This system is essential for maintaining a safe approach angle and alignment, thereby reducing the likelihood of accidents during landings.

Understanding the precision offered by ILS helps pilots in managing approaches effectively, particularly in challenging weather conditions.