Which type of navigation aids are primarily used for instrument navigation?

The correct answer emphasizes the specific navigational aids that are essential for instrument navigation in aviation. High-frequency navigational beacons, VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range), DME (Distance Measuring Equipment), and GPS (Global Positioning System) are all critical components in an instrument-rated pilot's toolkit.

VOR is a type of radio navigation system for aircraft that provides azimuth information. Pilots can determine their position relative to a VOR and navigate along established airways. DME complements the VOR system by providing distance information to the pilot relative to the DME station, allowing for more precise navigation. GPS has revolutionized navigation by providing incredibly accurate positional information that is reliable regardless of weather conditions. High-frequency navigational beacons are also used, particularly in areas where VOR coverage may not be available.

These aids are designed to be used in instrument conditions, where visual references are not available, allowing pilots to navigate safely and accurately through clouds, fog, or at night.

Other choices reflect navigation tools and systems that are less pertinent for instrument navigation specifically. For instance, air temperature sensors and altimeters, while important for various aspects of flight, do not aid in directional navigation. Similarly, visual flight rules markers and buoy systems are